Mechanical draft cooling tower an overview sciencedirect. Facts the flow rate through a cooling tower in a typical 700 mw power plant is about 315,000 galmin. Cooling tower operation forced draught cooling towers use the evaporation of a liquid often water into air to achieve cooling. Cooling tower calculations cooling water treatment. For large cooling towers especially power plants, water treatment is the key area for energy conservation.
Cooling tower plays a major role in chemical process industry. As the universal solvent, water is capable of dissolving a variety of materials as well as holding. Systems designed for optimal performance all components of cooling towers were. Nerc state of the market powerpoint summaries, 2011 through 2015. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Some additional calculation such as water makeup, fan and. The project deals with the performance study and analysis of induced draft cooling tower, which is one of the deciding factors used for increasing the power plant efficiency also modelling and analysis of flow using software. Some water of the cooling tower is also lost due to wind age or drift loss. Cooling tower bureau of energy efficiency 5 syllabus cooling tower. Because of this pressure difference air enters in to the cooling tower. Two manual shutoff switches for fans should be installed at the cooling tower, one at grade and one at the top.
Those theories are briefly described in this guideline to provide the basic understanding of its calculation. Find highquality cooling tower stock photos and editorial news pictures from getty images. This section provides an introduction of cooling tower designs. When warm, dry unsaturated air is pulled through a watersoaked pad, water is evaporated and is absorbed as water vapor into the air. Factors affecting cooling tower performance capacity utilization amount of water circulated range determined by the process it is serving determined by heat load and water circulation rate thus range. Water treatment for cooling towers 1 of 2 water treatment helps ensure that heattransfer surfaces perform to design specifications by amanda meitz, senior microbiologist, nalco diversified technologies, inc. Determination of optimum height for counter flow cooling tower. It does the function of cooling down the spot welding guns in fabrication shop. Air enters at the ambient condition point a, absorbs heat and mass moisture from the water. Ppt, txt and even html, to pdf file with the click of a button. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. Cooling towers are used in power plants to reject heat to the atmosphere by lowering down the water temperatures that sustain the equipments reliability and plants production capacity. Conversion to recycled water has allowed biogen idec to realize significant cost savings through discounted rates and.
Ppt cooling water treatment powerpoint presentation free. The cooling tower had two possible makeup water sources. It is then combined with makeup water, which replaces the evaporated water, and is sent through the system again. Determination of optimum height for counter flow cooling tower ashraf kotb department of mechanical power engineering, ain shams university, cairo, egypt abstract a model for counter flow cooling tower is present with treatments to recover the simplifications in the literature. If you read this book carefully, you can make any cooling tower design programs by yourself.
Skyscrapers, hospitals, office buildings, power stations, oil and gas plants, refineries, all need cooling towers. Here are a few warning signs that will tell you a cooling water treatment system is needed for your plant. As this occurs, a small volume of water is evaporated, reducing the temperature of the water being circulated through the tower. Power consumption is minimal due to few moving parts. This increase in the moisture content of the air is due to the conversion of water into steam and the latent. Evaporative cooling design guidelines ced engineering. Artistic to scientific design of cooling towers the art of evaporative cooling is quite ancient, although it is only relatively recently. F o r m u l a s a n d t a b l es formulasandtables fanlaws.
Most geothermal steam plants use crossflow mechanical draft cooling towers. Evaporative cooling design guidelines manual introduction how evaporative cooling works evaporation is the conversion of a liquid substance into the gaseous state. The calculation of cooling tower efficiency involves the range and approach of the cooling tower. A cooling tower is a heat rejection device that rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through the. Types and performance evaluation, efficient system operation, flow control strategies and energy saving opportunities, assessment of cooling towers 7. Energy conversion and management 2007, 48, 26382648. Chapter 8 cooling towers system shutdown and startup. One of the systems present in automobile industry is cooling tower. Enexio a cooling tower is a device which is used to extract excess heat from the process water stream and rejects this excess heat to the atmosphere. Cooling tower process tower basin distribution deck basin tower fill induced draft fan recirc pump return water supply water a tower cools water by evaporation by drawing high volume air across the water surface, which transfers heat to the atmosphere. Lets first look at the parts inside a cooling tower. Cooling tower seminar presentation for final year project free download as powerpoint presentation. All of the required measured values are acquired by sensors and shown on digital displays. It is very difficult to ignore the drift problem in a cooling tower.
Rp m 2 rp m 1 cfm 2 c fm 1 staticpressure 2 static pressure 1 cfm 2 cfm 12. G air, of a cooling tower is the ratio between the water and air mass flow rates. Concrete cooling towers must be thoroughly engineered with a great deal of communication required between the cooling tower supplier and concrete supplier to size and locate all of the internal and external components. Cooling tower outlet temperature is called cooling tower range. Cooling tower efficiency calculations cooling tower approach. Cooling tower pdf, free cooling tower pdf software downloads, page 2. Most recent largescale cooling tower retrofit at u. Cooling towers are used to reject heat through the natural process of evaporation. This increase in the moisture content of the air is due to the conversion of water into steam and the latent heat for this accounts for most of the cooling effect. Cooling tower reduces temperature of circulating water so that water may be used in heat exchange equipment and condensers 5. In the horizontal plane, they refer to the approximate width and length of packed areas, and in the vertical plane to the height above basin kerb level. One helpful means to that end is the water cooling tower. Course contents evaporative coolers, often called swamp coolers, are cooling systems that use only water and a blower to circulate air. Power plant chemistry cooling water system prepared by.
The ppt presents the introduction specific objective objective component of cooling tower types of cooling tower working principle application. Cooling towers are a common site at many industrial plants, commercial buildings and public buildings. Cooling tower basics calculation formulas cooling tower. This manual is not intended to be all encompassing and thoroughly definitive. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about cooling tower ppt. In this type of cooling tower the water to be cooled is distributed evenly over a packing, which is ventilated from below with air. Wet cooling tower is one of the key components of large scale water cooled air conditioning plants, whose. This amount of heat could theoretically melt 1 ton of ice in 24.
Cooling tower process is generally related with vapor pressure of water and humidity. Pdhonline course m121 4 pdh cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers 2012 instructor. Cooling tower efficiency is limited by the ambient wet bulb temperature. Closed cycle cooling tower feasibility assessment for turkey point. The present paper is a detailed methodology for thermal design of cooling tower. When water evaporates from the surface of something, that surface becomes much cooler because it requires heat to change the. View and download marley aquatower 490a user manual online. The cooling towers at biogen idec are the largest users of water in the facility. It accomplishes this by providing intimate mixing of water and air, which results in cooling primarily by evaporating approximately 1 % of the flow for each 10.
Tsou consulting services john maulbetsch, maulbetsch consulting jessica shi, epri electric power research institute. It is also necessary to control the quantity of chlorine in the tower to insure there is enough to control the biological growth, but not so much that it causes corrosion of equipment or creates an excessive load on the water treatment facility. Natural draft cooling tower performance evaluation ijser. Dec 25, 2011 a cooling tower is an equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Steam turbine efficiency potential improvement by conversion to mechanical. An opencircuit cooling tower, commonly called a cooling tower, is a specialized heat exchanger in which two fluids air and water are. Cooling tower selection at songs is constrained by the limited site available area, the sites proximity to. Cooling is accomplished through the latent heat of vaporization. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Comparison of alternate cooling technologies for california.
Water pumps and their switchgear should be located at least 3 m from the base of the cooling tower. This system sends cooling water out of the equipment and into a pond or cooling tower, which is open to the atmosphere. The fundamentals of water treatment technology a training workshop for stasmo presented by. Apr 08, 2018 cooling tower efficiency calculation is described in this article. This deposition of sodium salts on the nearby agriculturevegetative lands can convert them into sodic saline or sodic alkaline soils. Which cooling tower is best for tropical climates the climate conditions can somehow affect the performance of cooling towers due mainly to the fact that they make use of the surrounding air as well as water supply to do their job. Two manual shutoff switches for fans should be installed at the cooling tower, one at grade and one at the top deck.
Chiller system optimization cooling best practices. Cooling tower seminar presentation for final year project hvac. The bench top cooling tower behaves in a similar manner and has similar components to a full size. Cooling tower control problem by james mcdonald, pe, cwt originally published. Research article thermal design of cooling tower ronak shah. Presentation of the use of evaporative condensers units where the. In a welldesigned and welloperated power plant, the condenser cooling system has an important role in the generating capacity and efficiency of the plant. In this article explained about basic concepts of cooling tower, types of cooling towers, formula for cooling tower efficiency. Cooling towers should be located away from process equipment and furnaces. The cooling tower must be adequately sized to reject this same amount of heat to the atmosphere. For extended lifts over 25 feet in height, use fabric slings underneath the cooling tower and. Irrespective of what engineering industry you work in, knowing a bit about cooling towers will always serve you well.
It would only take a couple of minor modifications to convert cooling towers. Cm4120 spring 2008 topics introduction definitions operating conditions basic components water cooling systems types introduction boxed shaped collection of. Cooling tower process tower basin distribution deck basin tower fill induced draft fan recirc pump. Here evaporation occurs, removing heat along with the evaporated water. Reducing water use in cooling towers and evaporative.
Today we are going to talk about how you can choose the right cooling tower system for areas with tropical climates. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination of. The technical data is taken for mechanical draft cooling tower. Download the working principle of cooling tower pdf. Ajit prasad dash1, kishor kumar panda2, ajay kumar yadav3. Process cooling 26 cooling tower system audit in tough mining application. Closed circuit systems differ in that the return fluid often water, or sometimes water mixed with glycol circulates through the tower structure in a coil, while cooling tower water recirculates only in the tower. By alok kumar swain mechanical engineer brmiit bbsr 2. Cooling tower pdf software free download cooling tower pdf. Cooling towers are equipment devices commonly used to dissipate heat from power generation units, watercooled refrigeration, air conditioning and industrial processes.
Use guide lines as necessary, to prevent damage to the cooling tower, and as a safety measure to control and avoid sudden shifts or movements of the load. The fill material in the tower should be noncombustible. Wet versus dry cooling towers cooling technology institute. Cooling towers have 95% efficiency, losing only 5% of circulating water to evaporation. In this type of cooling tower, fan is not used for circulating air but here, by enclosing the heated air in the chimney and it will create pressure difference between heated air and surrounding air. The basics of cooling tower water treatment the purpose of a cooling tower is to remove the heat generated by an hvac system cooling of compressor refrigerant and heat generated by the compressor itself. Technical information for cooling towers using recycled water pdf. How will you know when cooling water treatment is needed cooling tower water treatment is essential to the overall operation of the cooling tower. A pc is used to evaluate the results of the experiments. Before we look at how a cooling tower rejects heat. Power plant cooling system overview for researchers and.
Cooling water systems an overview of cooling towers. Water pumps pump must have a shaft seal most pumps are made from cast iron most centrifugal pump impellers are made of bronze the eye of the impeller must be under water during startup if the pump is located higher than the sump, the pump must be filled with water before starting whirlpool action in the pump is called. Pdf temperature control is a significant requirement in the most industrial process. A cooling tower is an equipment used to reduce the temperature of a water stream by extracting heat from water and emitting it to the atmosphere. Again, this will be a first issue releasing the actual engineering approach.
An overview of the different types of fan drivers offered by a cooling tower manufacturer one of the components offered by a cooling tower manufacturer is the fan. Power plant cooling system overview for researchers and technology developers. Water drop with interfacial film liquidgas ratio l water. Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere. Design of mechanical draftcooling tower and determination. Calculate a ton of cooling load using this formula. Cooling tower basics and common misconceptions introduction in comparison with most other industrial equipments, the water cooling tower is a simple device, based on the direct contact of two of the earths most common substances.
Cooling tower sizing can simply be done by graphical methods. Nominal tower dimensions nominal tower dimensions is dimensions used to indicate the effective size of cells, or cooling tower. A psychromehic analysis of the air passing through a cooling tower illustrates this effect figure 2. Cooling tower fans are normally made from aluminum, fiber. Oct 02, 2016 the system has been designed so that the condenser water leaving the cooling tower and reentering the chiller condenser, must be around 27c 80. Liquidgas ratio in cooling towers cenpeep 10 in a cooling tower, heat is transferred from water drops to the surrounding air by the transfer of sensible and latent heat. To reduce the drift from cooling towers, drift eliminators are usually incorporated into the tower design to remove as many droplets as practical from the air stream before exiting the tower. See the more detailed explanation of cooling towers systems. One of mokons primary goals is to continually improve the design, quality, delivery and durability of its products and reach a high level of customer.
How to calculate tons of cooling for a cooling tower sciencing. Cooling towers of type ewkda are mechanical draught series type cooling towers working in counter flow principle. Drift or windage loss of cooling tower is normally provided by its manufacturer based on cooling tower design. Design and fabrication of cooling tower dileep kj1, dileep kumar baniya2, anoop chandran kurup3, arun varghese4 1234department of mechanical engineering, bangalore technological institute,india abstract. In the cooling tower, water is evaporated to remove heat and cool the working fluid so that the outlet temperature approaches the ambient wetbulb temperature midwest cooling towers. View and download powerpoint presentations on cooling tower ppt. Cstn september 2002 a client had a large, threecell cooling tower system that was having problems maintaining conductivity. Research article thermal design of cooling tower 1ronak shah, 2trupti rathod 1 address for correspondence 1student, 2 asst. Cooling tower seminar presentation for final year project.
The major concern during i study the cooling tower theory was how to computerize the cooling tower theory from the calculation of ntu to the cooling tower performance analysis. The fanlaws can be used topredi ctthe pe rformance ofa towerwitha nonstandard motor. Reducing water use in cooling towers and evaporative condensers 3 with cooling towers, it is worth checking whether the water actually used is in balance with what should be used. They reject process heat from the cooling water to atmosphere and keep the water cool. Cooling tower efficiency calculations chemical engineering site. Cooling towers save plants thousands to millions of dollars per year in water consumption and.
Large and expensive foundations are required to accommodate the weight of the tower structure. The wl 320 wet cooling tower is intended to demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative functioning and characteristic variables of a cooling tower. Makeup water means water added to the cooling tower system on a regular basis to replace water lost. Here we explain in full detail how cooling towers operate with example text, pictures, diagrams and principles. The tower often consists of a sprinkler system which wets a highsurfacearea substrate plates continuously, while air flow through the chamber converts liquid to vapor. Mar 14, 2018 calculating the tons for a cooling tower requires you to understand some basic information about it works. An fm approved cooling tower is one that has satisfied the historic testing protocol or one that has satisfied the requirements and acceptance criteria of the modern approval standard for cooling towers class 4930. Download premium images you cant get anywhere else. The cooling tower is connected with the ghe and isolated from the building and ground loops with a plate heat exchanger, as shown in fig.
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